Biology of food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Biology of food - Essay ExampleGenes are mandatory to direct the production of functional molecules also known as proteins. A process known as gene expression does this. Gene expression consists of two steps arrangement, and deracination. Gene teaching is necessary in the production of proteins. Transcription is the first step through with(p) to get the information out of storage. The information stored in the desoxyribonucleic acid of a gene is relocated to an RNA ( pathfinder RNA) molecule located in the cell nub this process is called transcription. The DNA of a gene serves as a template for harmonizing base pairing. RNA polymerase II catalyzes the configuration of a pre- mRNA molecule which is developed to form a mature mRNA. The mRNA transports the information from the DNA located in the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The second major step in gene expression, translation step follows in the cytoplasm. Three start factor proteins (IF1, IF2, and IF3) support to the small subu nit of the ribosome, resulting to a pre-initiation mRNA complex. The mRNA complex and methinine carrying acceptor RNA, bind to the mRNA in close proximity to the AUG start codon forming the initiation complex. The mRNA intermingles with the large ribosomal subunits, which releases the initiation factors. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small ribosomal subunit to complete the initiation complex. ... Peptide bonds are form via a peptidyl transferase activity. This procedure is repeated until the tRNA molecules have read all codons amino acids joined to the tRNA have been connected in the growing polypeptide chain appropriately. With each mRNA, base sequence, codes for a specific amino acid. Each codon identifies a particular amino acid. Therefore, the mRNA sequence is used as a template to bring together the chain of amino acids that make up a protein. Transfer RNA joins the protein by linking one amino acid within the interval. Protein production comes to a halt when the r ibosome comes across a plosive codon in mRNA. The stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA Trna can recognize these codons. In place of the tRNA, release factors bind and facilitate the release of the mRNA from the ribosome and consequent dissociation of the ribosome. This sting of amino acids built by chromosomes eventually acquires its activity during gene regulation, when gene expression is taking place. Signals from the location and or other cells activate transcription facets. The transcription features are proteins, which bind to the dogmatic locations of the gene. The rate of transcription can then be change magnitude or decreased establishing the amount of protein and product made. This is paramount as the string-of-stuff will resemble and act other than as per the specified activities. Environmental mutagens (like oxygen radicals) can result to DNA modifications causing mutations. These radicals react with DNA yielding lesions such as base modifications, cross-links, and strand breaks. A highly reactive hydroxyl radical, counters the DNA. This is done by the addition to double bonds of the DNA bases, as well as the blocking of the hydrogen touch from the methyl assemblage of thymine and C-H